EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine)

The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is a decentralized virtual machine that executes smart contracts. It is the runtime environment for smart contracts in Ethereum, which allows them to be executed in a trustless and decentralized manner. The EVM executes code on the Ethereum blockchain, enabling developers to build and deploy decentralized applications (DApps) that can interact with the Ethereum network.

Smart contracts are self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement between buyer and seller being directly written into lines of code. The code and the agreements contained therein are distributed across a decentralized, blockchain network. The EVM ensures that the execution of these contracts is transparent, secure, and predictable, as it is run on a decentralized network of computers rather than being controlled by a single entity.

The EVM is an important component of the Ethereum blockchain, as it enables developers to build and deploy DApps on the Ethereum network. It allows for the creation of complex and powerful decentralized applications that can perform a wide range of functions, from financial transactions to supply chain management and beyond.

EVM is a software execution environment. Think of it in this way: in reality, all software is executed by pieces of hardware like a processor. That processor relies on physical processes to perform operations such as addition and subtraction, and it's constrained by real world physics. It turns out though that with complex-enough circuitry, you can create a processor that is able to simulate its own operation in an abstract way. That is to say, you can create a piece of software that outputs the same output as a physical processor would for the same real world input. So like you feed a signal to a physical processor and it outputs another signal (which for example a screen could interpret as a blue pixel somewhere). Alternatively, you can create a program in the memory which accurately describe the very same rules that the physical processor has, so if you feed the same input to that program, that program outputs the same output as the real processor would.

How this connects to the EVM is that you don't necessarily need to describe the very same rules of the physical processor, you can make any kind of modifications or new rules. The EVM is a Virtual Machine (a virtual processor) that has its own custom rules that Ethereum needs to execute the special type of software that is written on it. The blockchain is the memory of this virtual processor, like the RAM is the memory for a physical processor.

For more information on the Ethereum Virtual Machine you can check it out at the EthereumMagicians of website through the link found here: 

https://Ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/evm//evm/

The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) manages storage in a decentralized and transparent manner, using a data structure called a Merkle Patricia tree. This data structure allows for efficient and secure storage of data on the Ethereum blockchain, as it enables quick lookups and verifications of the stored data.

In the EVM, all state data (i.e., the current values of all variables and smart contract storage) is stored in a tree structure, with the root of the tree being stored in the blockchain. Each node in the tree represents a piece of data, and the location of a piece of data in the tree is determined by its hash value. This allows for efficient lookups of data, as the hash values can be used to quickly locate the desired data in the tree.

The use of a Merkle Patricia tree also allows for data to be stored and retrieved in a secure and tamper-evident manner. Any changes to the data stored in the tree will result in a change to the root hash, which is stored in the blockchain. This makes it easy to detect and prevent any attempts to alter the stored data, as any changes to the 

data will be immediately apparent.

Overall, the EVM's use of a Merkle Patricia tree allows for efficient and secure storage of data on the Ethereum blockchain, enabling the development of complex and powerful decentralized applications.

The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) manages computation in a decentralized and transparent manner, using a system of nodes that work together to execute the code of smart contracts.

In the EVM, computation is performed by nodes on the Ethereum network that run the EVM software. These nodes work together to execute the code of smart contracts in a trustless and decentralized manner. When a smart contract is deployed on the Ethereum network, it is sent to the nodes on the network, which then execute the contract's code. The results of the computation are then recorded on the Ethereum blockchain, allowing for transparent and verifiable execution of the contract.

The EVM uses a system of gas to manage computation. Gas is a unit of measurement for the amount of computation required to execute a smart contract. Each operation within a smart contract requires a certain amount of gas to execute, and the total gas needed for a contract is determined by the number and complexity of the operations it contains. When a smart contract is executed, the nodes on the network will perform the required computation in exchange for a payment of gas. This system helps to ensure that the execution of smart contracts is efficient and secure, as it allows the network to allocate resources in a decentralized and transparent manner.

Overall, the EVM manages computation in a decentralized and transparent manner, using a system of nodes that work together to execute the code of smart contracts in a trustless and efficient manner.

The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) enables communication between smart contracts and external entities, such as users and other contracts, through the use of message calls and transactions.

Message calls allow smart contracts to call other contracts and send them data.

When a contract calls another contract, it can send along some data and execute the code of the contract being called. This allows contracts to interact with each other and share data, enabling the creation of complex and powerful decentralized applications (DApps).

Transactions are a way for external entities, such as users, to interact with the EVM and execute smart contracts. Transactions are sent to the EVM through the Ethereum network and contain data and a message call to a contract, along with a payment of gas to cover the cost of computation. When a transaction is received by the EVM, the contract specified in the message call is executed, and the results of the computation are recorded on the Ethereum blockchain.

Overall, the EVM manages communication between smart contracts and external entities through the use of message calls and transactions, enabling the creation of complex and powerful decentralized applications that can interact with the Ethereum network.

The Ethereum Foundation (EF) has been assembled to assist with ensuring a healthy longevity of the Ethereum Blockchain and all projects that exists within the Ethereum Ecosystem.

The Foundation is made up of a large ecosystem of corporations, individuals and organisations that endeavour to foster the foundations mission.

The EF provides financial support to individuals, freelancers, Web3 developer, Open Source developers and organizations that are working on or affiliated with important projects that ensure the longevity of Ethereum. EF also provides non financial support to projects or working groups that are in need of more than financial assistance.

Our Philosophy:

The Ethereum Foundation is not Ethereum.

We do not own Ethereum, operate it, or manage it. We are one of many organizations that cares deeply about Ethereum — its potential, and the values it represents.

However, we know that we have a unique position within that ecosystem due to our history. Significant research, development, and community cultivation took place within the Ethereum Foundation. Today, we continue to fund development of many significant components of the Ethereum ecosystem.

As Ethereum has grown and changed, so has the Ethereum Foundation. We know that it's not just what we do but how we do it that matters.

To succeed long term, Ethereum needs a vibrant decentralized ecosystem with many independent organizations that provide funding, coordination, and leadership. Ethereum must remain a bazaar, and never become a cathedral.

Instead of just asking "how do we solve this problem?" we ask "how can the Ethereum community solve this problem, and how can we help?

We often describe this as a philosophy of "Subtraction". This means resisting the natural tendency of organizations to grow and accumulate value within themselves, and cultivating value creation outside the Foundation in the broader Ethereum ecosystem:

• Instead of capturing opportunities, we distribute opportunities for others
• Instead of being defensive when others create value, we’re thrilled
• Instead of trying to matter more, we try to matter less

Ultimately, any philosophy is only as good as the choices it inspires.